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Dry Eye Explained
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and solution
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The tear film is a thin layer that keeps your eyes smooth, hydrated, and comfortable. It has three parts: the outer oil layer, produced by the eyelid glands, which slows evaporation; the middle watery layer, made by the lacrimal glands, which provides moisture and nutrients; and the inner mucin layer, created by cells on the eye’s surface, which helps tears spread evenly. Together, these layers work to protect the eye and support clear vision.
Understanding your Tear Film
Types of Dry Eye
Dry eye is generally categorized into two primary types; however, it is important to note that many individuals do not experience just one type in isolation. Instead, a significant number of people are affected by a combination of both forms, which can contribute to more complex symptoms and may require a more comprehensive approach to management and treatment.
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Evaporative Dry Eye
Evaporative dry eye occurs when the oily layer of your tears isn’t working properly, causing tears to evaporate too quickly. This is most commonly linked to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). Typical symptoms include burning or stinging, a gritty or sandy sensation, blurred vision that comes and goes, and watery eyes caused by reflex tearing.
Aqueous Dry Eye
Aqueous deficient dry eye occurs when your eyes do not produce enough watery tears to keep the surface properly lubricated. Common symptoms include persistent dryness, light sensitivity, redness, and eye fatigue. In some cases, this type of dry eye can be associated with underlying medical conditions, including autoimmune disorders.
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