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What Is Dry Eye?
Learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for dry eye disease.
Your Tears Explained
Your tear film is a thin, protective layer that coats the surface of your eyes and is essential for comfort, clear vision, and eye health. It is made up of three layers that work together to keep your eyes lubricated and protected. When any of these layers is disrupted, the tear film becomes unstable and symptoms of Dry eye syndrome can develop.
Lipid (Oily) Layer
Produced by the meibomian glands, this outer layer reduces tear evaporation and keeps the tear surface smooth.
Aqueous (Watery) Layer
Produced by the lacrimal glands, this middle layer provides moisture, oxygen, and nutrients to the eye.
Mucin Layer
This inner layer helps tears spread evenly across the surface of the eye and adhere properly.
Dry eye is generally categorized into two primary types; however, it is important to note that many individuals do not experience just one type in isolation. Instead, a significant number of people are affected by a combination of both forms, which can contribute to more complex symptoms and may require a more comprehensive approach to management and treatment.
Evaporative Dry Eye
Evaporative dry eye occurs when the oily layer of your tears isn’t working properly, causing tears to evaporate too quickly. This is most commonly linked to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). Typical symptoms include burning or stinging, a gritty or sandy sensation, blurred vision that comes and goes, and watery eyes caused by reflex tearing.
Aqueous Dry Eye
Aqueous deficient dry eye occurs when your eyes do not produce enough watery tears to keep the surface properly lubricated. Common symptoms include persistent dryness, light sensitivity, redness, and eye fatigue. In some cases, this type of dry eye can be associated with underlying medical conditions, including autoimmune disorders.
